You should start teaching your less bright Golden Retriever the basic commands (come, sit, down, heel, stand, and stay) as early as possible in its life – that is, as soon as you bring it home and certainly before it is six months old. A Golden Retriever a year or more has already lost its flexibility and become set in its ways. However, even breeds (such as beagles or boxers) that can be quite intractable as adults respond well to early training and can be easily civilized as puppies.
Another reason to train young, even for brighter breeds, is that it is easy to correct a Golden Retriever puppy without resorting to harsh measures. One can gently force a puppy into a sit or down position by physically manipulating its legs and body, whereas the same action can take considerable force when dealing with an adult Akita or bull mastiff that weighs over a hundred pounds.
Moreover, harsh force is interpreted by many breeds as aggressiveness; some breeds of dog may respond to it with an aggressive response of their own. Early training, with firmness but no harshness, can avoid the problem. The larger the Golden Retriever will be as an adult, the earlier you should start to train it to obey the basic commands of come, down, and stay.
Be consistent: You should be as consistent as possible, using exactly the same words and signals all of the time. Even using the same tone of voice is helpful. It also helps to train the dog in the same place at about the same time of day until the commands are well set and reliable.
Dogs love predictability. If you have a household where things occur with regularity, where schedules are relatively fixed, you have an environment where most dogs will thrive. Regularity and consistency are particularly helpful to the Golden Retriever who is somewhat less bright and also benefit the dog that is a bit more submissive and timid.
Be explicit: Whenever you are talking to the Golden Retriever, before you give it any command, always start with the dog’s name. This trains the dog to pay attention to you and lets it know that the information coming next will be of relevance to it. Using a voice command and a hand signal together is especially helpful, because it gives the Golden Retriever two chances to pick up the command and to respond.
Begin quietly: Start all training in a quiet setting where there are few distractions. This will help to concentrate the dog’s attention on you. Later on, when the dog has learned the basics, training can be moved to noisier and busier settings.
Begin close: Always stay close enough to your dog so that you can correct it directly. Even after the dog begins to learn the basics, leave it on the leash during training so that you are still in physical contact and can exert direct control. Later on, you can extend your distance from the Golden Retriever and eventually remove the leash.
